; TeX output 1995.02.09:0853(b{KsSQqjcmss20Linux^GPCMCIAHOx$WTO cGUUK`y cmr10DavidHinds,questions. . The>latUestve rs#ionoftUhisdoGcurmentcanalwaysbefourndatcb-iris.stanford.eduin/pub/pcmcia/doc.(Kffffcmbx14ContGentsؽ"V cmbx101Gen9e DralTinform}aftionandhardwarerequiremen t2s?P2ؼ1.1&IntroGductionqa b> cmmi10::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m21.2&Copyr*ightUUnoticeanddi#sTclaime r:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m21.3&WhatUUi#stUhelatUeGstve rs#ion,andwhe recanIgetit?z::::::::::::::::::::::::m31.4&WhatUUsystUemsaresuppGortUed?::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m31.5&WhatUUPCMCIAcardsaresuppGortUed?::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m31.6&WhenUUwillcardXb#esuppGortUed?4::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m31.7&MailinrgUUli#st::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m32Compilaft9ion,Tins-tallation,Tandcon guraftion|42.1&Pre requi#sitUeGsUUandke r#nels1etup{::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m42.2&InstallationT::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m42.3&SitUe-sp#eci cUUcon gurationoptions::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m52.4&CanUUIinstallLinUuxviaNFSwithaPCMCIAnetworkUUcard?:::::::::::::::::::m62.5&WhenUUIloadtUhesampledrvEff&fǫhello.omoGdule,Iget\ff32ff̉ff moGddi3urndTe neGd".qWhat'swronrg?&:m62.6&WhyUUdo#eGsinsmodcomplainabGourtundTe neGdUUsym|qbols?Bv::::::::::::::::::::::m62.7&WhyUUdo#eGsn'tmysystUemreGspondUUtrocardins1e rtions?):::::::::::::::::::::::m73UsageTan9dfe aftureQsa+73.1&HowUUdoItUellifiti#sworkinrg?Fh::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m73.2&HowUUdoItUellcardmgrhÎowtroidTentifyanewcard?獑::::::::::::::::::::::::m73.3&HowUUdoIcontrolwhichintUe rruptsandpGortsareus1edbyadTevice? ڍ:::::::::::::::m83.4&WhenUUi#sitsafetroins1e rtorejectaPCMCIAcard?A::::::::::::::::::::::::m83.5&HowUUdoIurnloadPCMCIAdr*ive rs?:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m8*(b{G1.Gen9e DralTinform}aftionandhardwarerequiremen t2sƲ2KP덍3.6&HowUUdo#eGsCardSe rvicesdTeqalwitUhsusp#end/resurme?Bt:::::::::::::::::::::::m9ؼ3.7&HowUUdoItur#no aPCMCIAcardwitUhÎourtejectinrgit?P::::::::::::::::::::::m9ؽ4ProbJlemsTwitThsp(eci ccards1>94.1&WhyUUdo#eGsn'tmymoGdTemwork?Iꍑ:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m94.2&WhyUUdo#eGsmyMregahe rtzUUmoGdTemsometimeGsf#ailtrowork?p::::::::::::::::::::m104.3&WhyUUdo#eGsn'tmyetUhe r#netcardwork?c::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m104.4&HowUUdoIs1electtUhetransTceGive rtyp#eformy3c589card?w:::::::::::::::::::::m104.5&HowUUdoIus1emyPCMCIA oppyintUe rf#ace?pэ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m114.6&What'sUUupwitUhsuppGortforXircomcards?F:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m114.7&What'sUUupwitUhsuppGortforSCSIadraptUe rs?F ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m115DebuggingTt9ip sandprogramminginform}aftion&115.1&HowUUcanIsuUbmitahelpfulbugrepGort?w::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m115.2&LowUUlevelPCMCIAdTebugginrgaids:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::m125.3&HowUUdoIwr*itUeaCardSe rviceGsdrive rforcardX?#::::::::::::::::::::::::m12(1ٔGeneralLinforma>tionandhardwarerequirements(N cmbx121.1Inftro`ductionNCardSe rviceGsforLinUuxi#sacompletUePCMCIAsupportpackage.=ItincludTesas1etofloadrableke r#nelmoGdules tUhatimplementave rs#ionoftUhePCMCIACardSe rviceGsapplicationsprogramintUe rf#ace,as1etofclientdr*ive rsforsp#eci ccards,andacardmÎanage rdraemontUhatcanreGspondtrocardins1e rtionandremovqalevents,loadinrgandurnloadingdr*ive rsondTemÎand.''ItsuppGorts\hÎotswappinrg"ofPCMCIAcards,socardscanb#eins1e rtUeGdandUUejectUeGdatanytime.ؼThi#s'isbetasoftware.c=Itprobablycontainsbugs,$andshÎouldb#eus1eGdwitUhcaurtion.c=I'lldomyb#eGsttro xproblemstUhatarerepGortUedtrome,tion,Lins Otallation,Landcon gura>tion2.1Prefrequi0sit2e`sandkefr0nelsC4etupNF*ortUhelatUeGstve rs#ion,MyouwillneeGdtrohaveke r#nelve rs#ion1.1.89orhighe r.ŲTherearenoke r#nelpatcheGssp#eci callyBforPCMCIABsuppGort.kY*ou'llalsoneeGdtrohavearelativelyrecents1etofmoGduleurtilitieGs.kIfyourmÎanUUpageforinsmoddTeGsTcr*ib#esUUtUhe[symbol=value?...]qDzsyntax,yoururtilitieGsarecurrentenough.ؼY*ouqneeGdtrohaveacompletUelinUuxsourcetreeforyourke r#nel, notjustanup-tro-datUeqke r#nelimÎage, whenyoucompileUUtUhePCMCIApackage.qThePCMCIAmoGdulesUUcontainsomerefe renceGstroke r#nelsource leGs.Current ke r#nelsourceGsandpatcheGsareavqailablef*romsunsite.unc.eduin/pub/Linux/kernel/v1.1,7orf*romX2tsx-11.mit.eduin/pub/linux/sources/system/v1.1.z_CurrentmoGduleurtilitieGscanb#efourndintUhesameUUplaceGs,intUhe lemodules-1.1.87.tgz.Whencon gur*inrgyourke r#nel,ifyouplanonus#inrgaPCMCIA}etUhe r#netcard,youshÎouldtur#nonnetworkinrgsuppGort-burttur#no tUhenormÎalLinUuxnetworkcarddr*ive rs,#includinrgtUhe\pGocket-andpGortableadraptUe rs".TheRPCMCIA0networkcarddr*ive rsareallimplementUeGdasloadrablemoGdules.EqAllRoftUhePCMCIA0netdr*ive rsexceptUUtUhe3Com3c589dr*ive rdTep#endontUhe8390.odr*ive rmoGdulewhichi#spartoftUheLinUuxke r#nel.IfAyouwanttrous1eSLIP*,PPP,orPLIP,youdoneeGdtroeitUhe rcon gureyourke r#nelwitUhtheGs1eenÎableGd,|orus1e)tUheloadrablemoGduleve rs#ionsoftUheGs1edr*ive rs.There)i#sanurnfortunÎatUe)dTe ciencyintUheke r#nelcon gproGcesqs,intUhatiti#snotpGoss#ibletros1etcon gurationoptions(likeSLIPucompreGsqs#ion)foraloadrablemoGdule,soUUiti#sprobablybettUe rtrojustlinkSLIPintotUheke r#nelifyouneeGdit.F*or$nrecentke r#nels,4you$nmUustexplicitlydo\make?modules"followeGd$nby\make?modulesEff&fǫinstall"in/usr/src/linuxUUtrobuildtUheloadabledr*ive rmoGdules.qTheyUUwillb#einstalleGdurndTe r/lib/modules.#2.2Ins tallationNUnpackUUtUhepcmcia-cs-2.4.4.tgzpackageinaconvenientloGcation,like/usr/src.MakesuretUhedTe nitionsinmake.optionsarecons#istUentwitUhyours#itUes1etup.U1Rqurnning\make?prereq"willcheckUUyoursystUemcon gurationtrove r*ifytUhatitsati#s eGsallpre requisitUeGsforinstallinrgPCMCIAsuppGort.Rqurnning\make?all"followeGdby\make?install"willbuildandtUheninstalltUheke r#nelmoGdulesandurtil-itymprograms.Ke r#nelmoGdulesmareinstalledurndTe r/lib/modules//pcmcia.ThecardmgrandcardctlUUprogramsareinstalleGdin/sbin.F(b{G2.Compilaft9ion,Tins-tallation,Tandcon guraftionYt5KPCon guration4 leGsarekeptintUhe/etc/pcmciadirectrory:ado\make?install-etc"tos1etuptUhi#sdirectory*. Ifyouareinstallinrgove ranoldTervers#ion,tUhenewcon g leGswillb#einstalleGdwitUha\.N"sux{youshÎouldreplace!orupGdratUeyourexi#stinrg leGsbyhand.UaFinÎally*,,\make?install-man"willinstallmÎanpageGsforalltUheloadrableUUmoGdulesUUandprograms.ؼIf^uyoudon'tknowwhatkindofPCMCIA^0controlle rchipyouhave,youcanus1etUheprobeurtilityintUhecardmgr/suUbGdirectrorytodTetUe rminetUhi#s.The rearetwomÎa8jortyp#eGs:eFtUheDatabGookTCIC-2typ#eandtUheIntUelUUi82365SL-compatibletyp#e.T*oUUus1etUhePCMCIAdr*ive rs, rstloadtUhecoreke r#nelmoGdules:卑*ߤN cmtt9insmod/lib/modules/`uname-r`/pcmcia/pcmcia_core.o =insmod/lib/modules/`uname-r`/pcmcia/i82365.oinsmod/lib/modules/`uname-r`/pcmcia/ds.oؼDep#endinrgUUonyourPCMCIAcontrolle r,youmÎayloadtcic.oinstUeqadofi82365.o.Aus1e r-leveldraemonproGcesqsescardinse rtionandremovqalevents.,Thi#siscalleGdcardmgr.,Itissimilarin furnction]rtoBarryJaspan'spcmciadineqarlie rPCMCIA]3releas1eGs.'Cardmgrreadsacon guration ledTeGsTcr*ibinrgknownPCMCIAcardsf*rom/etc/pcmcia/config.hThi#s lealsospeci eGswhatresourcescanb#eallocatUedfor;us1ebyPCMCIA;dTeviceGs,@andmÎayneeGdtrob#ecustomizeGdforyoursystUem.i=SeetUhepcmciamÎanpageformoreUUinformÎationabGourttUhi#s le.ThesTcr*iptrc.pcmcia,(installeGdin/etc/rc.d,(controlsstartinrgupandshUurttingdowntUhePCMCIAsystUem.Y*ouUUshÎouldaddalinetroyoursystUemstartupUU le/etc/rc.d/rc.MtroinvokeUUtUhi#s:卑>̲/etc/rc.d/rc.pcmciastartؼIf7nyouareus#inrgaPCMCIA7fetUhe r#netcard,=iyoushÎouldnottrytrocon gureitin/etc/rc.d/rc.inet1,=is#incetUhe=KcardmÎaynotb#epreGs1entwhentUhi#ssTcr*iptisexecurtUeGd.)Commentouteve rytUhingexcepttUheloGopbackstu inrc.inet1andinstUeqadeGdittUhe/etc/pcmcia/networksTcr*ipttromÎatchyourloGcalnetworks1etup.ILThi#ssTcr*iptUUwillb#eexecurtUeGdonlywhenyouretUhe r#netcardi#sactuallypreGs1ent.#2.3Sit2e-sp0eci ccon gurationoptionsNCard Se rviceGsshÎouldaurtomatically avoidalloGcatinrgIOpGortsandintUe rruptsalreqadyinus1ebyotUhe rstandrarddTeviceGs.gvThi#s6bshÎouldworkforanydTeviceGstUhathaveLinUuxdr*ive rs,ItispGoqss#ibletrocopytUhinrgsA f*romthebGootA androGotdi#skstrogetaworkinrgnetworks1etup,Eburtiti#str*ickytroputeve rytUhingintUher*ightUUplaceGsbyhand.qFirst,UUwitUhthebGootUUdi#skmourntUeGdon/mnt,do:卑cp/mnt/vmlinuz/linuz =rootflags/vmlinuz1liloؼThen,UUwitUhtheroGotdi#skmourntUedon/mnt,do:cp/mnt/sbin/cardmgr/sbin(cd/mnt;tarcf-etc/pcmcialib/modules)|(cd/;tarxf-)ؼEditU/etc/pcmcia/configandurn-commenttUhe\start"and\strop"commÎandsfortUhenetcards,0andeGdit /etc/pcmcia/networkUUtroconformtoyournetworks1etup.#2.5WhenIloadtphesampٙle+߆T cmtt12drvff}r-hello.omo`dule,Iget\Zff ώff ώ ff ώ{mo`ddi3undfe ne`d".What'swrong?NNotUhinrg,reqally*.kTheodrvEff&fǫhellomoGduleus1eGsa\modulo"op#e ratrortUhatgcchandleGsbycallinrgabuilt-infurnctionD|normÎallysupplieGdbytUhelibgcclibrary*.l)SincetUhemoGdulei#sn'tlinkeGdagainsttUhi#slibrary*,GitresulrtsinUUanurnreGsolvedUUrefe rence.qY*ourmoGduleurtilitieGsare ne.2.6Whydo0e`sinsmodcompٙlainab`outundfe ne`dsymNfboٙls?NIfpcmciaEff&fǫcore.oloads ne,burtloadingi82365.oortcic.of#ailswitUhundTe neGdsym|qbolslike\ffcheckffreGsource"and\ffregi#stUe rffsqsffentry",yourmoGduleurtilitieGs(insmod,lsmod,etc)areourtofdatUe.Sees1ectionUU2.1formoreinformÎation.ؼIf,yous1eeameGsqsagelike\ffke r#nelffve rs#ion,urndTe neGd"or\ffinitffmodule,urndTe ned",whenloadinrgamoGduletUhat}i#spartoftheLinuxke r#nel}(like8390.o),tUheob8ject lewasnotcompileGdasaloadrablemoGdule.MakesureUUyoufolloweGdalltUheke r#nelcon gurationinstructionsins1ection2.1.l(b{G3.UsageTan9dfe aftureQs_7KP덍2.7Whydo0e`sn'tmysys t2emre`spondtocardinsC4efrtions?NThemoqstlikelyreqasoni#stUhattUhe rei#sacon ictontUheintUe rruptlineb#eGinrgus1edtros#ignÎalcardstatuschangeGs. Checkѧ/usr/adm/messagestros1eewhatintUe rrupti#sbeGinrgus1edbytUhelowleveldr*ive r(i82365.oortcic.o).UnloadtUhePCMCIAmoGdulesandre-loadtUhi#smoGdulewitUhacsEff&fǫirq=#optiontros1electadi e rentvqalue.SeeLtUhemÎanpageGsfori82365andtcicfortUheli#stsofvqalidchÎoiceGs. Ifyoucan't ndanintUe rruptnUurm|qb#ertUhatGworks,Jethe reGi#salsoapGolledGstatusmoGdTe:jtur#ntUhisonwitUhapollEff&fǫinterval=100optiontroinsmod,JetopGollUUoncep#e rs1econd.('3ٔUsageLandfe-9a>tureqs3.1HowdoIt2ellifiti0sworking?All\tUhePCMCIA9moGdules\andtUhecardmgrdraemons1endstatusmeGsqsages\trotUhesystUemlog.DtThi#swillusuallyb#e޻/usr/adm/messages.0aThis leshÎouldbetUhe rstplaceyouloGokwhentrackinrgdownaproblem.0aWhensuUbmittinrgUUabugrepGort,youshÎouldalwaysincludTetUhecontUentsUUoftUhi#s le.ؼIf%tUhemoGdules%areallloadTeGdcorrectUly*,!/the%ourtʪputoftUhelsmodcommÎandshÎouldloGokliketUhefollowinrg,!/witUhnoUUcardsins1e rtUeGd:4Module:%̰#pages: s,Usedby: =dsPR2i82365=l2pcmcia_core%̰4X[dsi82365]WY*our=MsystUemlog leshÎouldcontainastartup=MmeGsqsagef*romcardmgr.)Ins1e rtinrgacardshÎouldgene ratUea s1e r*ieGsUUofmesqsagesidTentifyinrgtUhecardanddTeGsTcr*ibinrghÎowiti#scon gureGd."/3.2HowdoIt2ellcardmgrhfowtoidfenftifyanewcard?Asqsurming|tUhatyourcardi#ssuppGortUed|byanexi#stinrgdr*ive r,alltUhatneeGdstrob#edonei#stroaddanentryto/etc/pcmcia/configwtrotUellcardmgrhÎowtoidTentifytUhecard,oandwhichdr*ive r(s)neeGdtrob#elinkeGduptrotUhi#s9card.sChecktUhemÎanpageforpcmciaformoreinformationabGourttUhecon g leformÎat.sIfyouins1e rtan$urnknowncard,.`cardmgrwillnormÎallyrecordsomeidTenti cationinformÎationin/usr/adm/messagestUhatcanUUb#eus1eGdtroconstructtUhecon gentry*.ؼHe reUUi#sanexampleofhÎowcardmrgrwillrepGortanunsuppGortUedUUcardin/usr/adm/messages.4cardmgr[460]:unsupportedcardinsocket1 =cardmgr[460]:versioninfo:"MEGAHERTZ","XJ2288","V.34PCMCIAMODEM"WTheUUcorreGspondinrgUUentryin/etc/pcmcia/configwouldb#e:card"MegahertzXJ2288V.34FaxModem""s.version"MEGAHERTZ","XJ2288","V.34PCMCIAMODEM""s.bind"serial_cs"}(b{G3.UsageTan9dfe aftureQs_8KPY*oupcanus1e\*"tromÎatchpstr*ingstUhatdon'tneeGdtromÎatchexactUly*,*8likeve rs#ionnUurm|qbe rs._WhenmÎakinrgnew con g*Zentr*ieGs,2b#ecarefultrocopy*ZtUhestr*inrgsexactUly*,2preGs1e rvingcas1eandblankspaceGs.csAlsob#esuretUhattUhecon gUUentryhastUhesamenUurm|qb#e rofstr*ingsasarerepGortUedUUintUhelog le.ؼAftUe rUUeGditinrg/etc/pcmcia/config,youcans#ignÎalcardmgrtroreloadtUhe lewitUh:卑kill-HUP`cat/var/pid/cardmgr.pid`ؼIfUUyoudos1etupanentryforanewcard,pleqas1esendmeacopysotUhatIcanincludTeitinsample.config.#3.3HowdoIconftroٙlwhichinft2efrruptsandp`ortsareusC4edbyadfevice?NIn'"tUheory*,0_itshÎouldnotreqallymattUe rwhichinte rrupti#salloGcated'"trowhichdTevice,0_aslonrgastwo'"dTeviceGsarenotcon gureGdtrous1etUhesameintUe rrupt.EAAttUhetropof/etc/pcmcia/configyou'll ndaplaceforexcludinrgintUe rruptsUUtUhatareus1eGdbynon-PCMCIAdTeviceGs.TheibmccEff&fǫcs,ede650Eff&fcs,3c589Eff&fcs,andserialEff&fcsdr*ive rseqachhaveaparametUe rcalleGdirqEff&fǫmaskforsp#ecifyinrg¯whichintUe rruptstUheymÎaytrytroalloGcatUe.EachbitofirqffmÎaskcorreGsponds¯trooneirqline:L{bit0i#sirq0,bbit1isirq1,bandsoon.So,amÎaskof0x1100wouldcorreGspondtroirq8andirq12.T*olimita!dr*ive rtrous1eonlyonesp#eci cintUe rrupt,itsirqffmÎaskshouldhave!onlyonebits1et.+TheGse!dr*ive roptionsshÎouldUUb#es1etinyour/etc/pcmcia/config le.qF*orexample:卑device"serial_cs" ="s.module"serial_cs"opts"irq_mask=0x1100""s....ؼwouldsp#ecifytUhattUhes1e r*ialdrive rshÎouldonlyus1eirq8orirq12.@NotUetUhatCardSe rviceGswillneve ralloGcatUe anUUintUe rrupttUhati#salreqadyinus1ebyanotUhe rdTevice,oranintUerrupttUhati#sexcludTeGdinthecon g le.The re Si#snowaytrodirectUlysp#ecifytheI/O @addreGsqs1es SforaPCMCIAcardtrous1e.XThe/etc/pcmcia/config leUUallowsyoutrosp#ecifyrangeGsofportsavqailableUUforus1ebyallPCMCIAdTevices.AftUe rUUmoGdifyinrg/etc/pcmcia/config,youcanrestartcardmgrwitUh\kill?-HUP".#3.4Wheni0sitsafetoinsC4efrtorejectaPCMCIAcard?NInmtUheory*,tyoucanins1e rtandremovePCMCIAmcardsatanytime.tHoweve r,titi#sagoGodidTeqanottroejectacardtUhati#scurrentlyb#eGinrgus1edbyanapplicationprogram.Ke r#nelsoldTe rtUhan1.1.77wouldoftUenloGckupwhenUUs1e r*ial/moGdTemcardswe reejectUeGd,burttUhi#sshÎouldbe xeGdnow.3.5HowdoIunloadPCMCIAdr9ivefr s?NT*oUUurnloadtUheentirePCMCIApackage,invokerc.pcmciawitUh:卑/etc/rc.d/rc.pcmciastop (b{G4.ProbJlemsTwitThsp(eci ccards/Ĵ9KPThi#sqTsTcr*iptwilltakeqTs1eve rals1econdstrorun,Stogiveallclientdr*ive rstimetroshUutdowngracefully*.Ifa PCMCIAUUdTevicei#scurrentUlyinus1e,theshurtdownwillf#ail.#3.6Howdo0e`sCardSefrvicesdfe&falwitphsusp0end/resume?NI'vezstartUeGdtrointegrateAPMzz(AdvqanceGdPowe rManÎagement)suppGortintroCardSe rvices.RThi#sisworkinrgwitUh\anintUe r#nÎaldTevelopment\ve rs#ionoftUheAPMKsuppGortpackage,andshÎouldb#egene rallyavqailablesoGon,soUUstayturneGd.ؼF*ornow,youcando\cardctl?suspend"b#eforesuspendinrgyourlaptrop,and\cardctl?resume"aftUe rre-surming,UUtoprop#e rlyshUutdownandreGstartyourPCMCIAcards.3.7HowdoItur0no aPCMCIAcardwitphfoutejectingit?NUs1etUhenewcardctlcommÎand.R\cardctl?suspend#"willsusp#endonesoGcket, oandtur#no itspGowe r.RThecorreGspondinrgUUresumecommÎandwillwakeuptUhecardinitspreviousstatUe.(4ٔProblemsLwitVfhsp8eci ccards4.1Whydo0e`sn'tmymo`dfemwork?That'sUUabroadqueGstion,burthe re'saquicktrouUbleGshÎootinrgUUguidTe.ؼIsyourcardrecognizeGdasamodTem?3SCheck/usr/adm/messagesandmÎakesuretUhatcardmgridTenti eGstUhe\9cardcorrectlyandstartsuptUheserialEff&fǫcsdr*ive r.sIfitdo#eGsn't,]youmÎayneeGdtroaddanewentrytroUUyour/etc/pcmcia/config lesotUhatitwillb#eidTenti eGdprop#e rly*.qSees1ection3.2fordTetails.IstUhemoGdTemcon guredsuccesqsfullybys1e r*ialffcs?* Again,check/usr/adm/messagesandloGokformeGsqsageslf*romtUhes1e r*ialffcsdrive r.Ifyous1ee\regi#stUe rffser*ial()lf#aileGd",youmÎayhaveanI/OkpGortcon ictOwitUhanothe rdTevice.IpAnothe rtip-o ofacon icti#siftUhedTevicei#srepGortUedOtrobean8250;moqstmoGdTe r#nPCMCIAymodemsshÎouldb#eidenti eGdas16550AyUAR*T's.\IfyoutUhinkyou'res1eeGinrgaportcon ict,UUeGdit/etc/pcmcia/configandexcludTetUhepGortranrgetUhatwasalloGcatUedUUfortUhemoGdTem.Is;tUhe reanintUerruptcon 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